Study Indian agriculture
practices, major crop varieties, and
government initiatives for agricultural development
and food security.
Chapter 4 Agriculture
Class 10 NCERT Geography: Contemporary India-II |
Questions Answers
Updated for 2024-2025 Exams
Q.1(i) Which one of the following describes a
system of agriculture where a single crop is grown on a large area?
Ans. (b) Plantation Agriculture
Q.1(ii) Which one of the following is a rabi
crop?
Ans. (b) Gram
Q.1(iii) Which one of the following is a
leguminous crop?
Ans. (a) Pulses
Q.2(i) Name one important beverage crop and
specify the geographical conditions required for its growth.
Ans. Tea is an important beverage crop. It requires tropical and
subtropical climates with well-drained fertile soil, rich in humus. It also
needs frequent showers, warm temperatures, and abundant, cheap, and skilled
labor.
Q.2(ii) Name one staple crop of India and the
regions where it is produced.
Ans. Rice is a staple crop of India. It is mainly produced in the
plains of north and northeastern India, coastal regions, and deltaic areas such
as Assam, West Bengal, Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, and Kerala.
Q.2(iii) Enlist the various institutional
reform programs introduced by the government in the interest of farmers.
Ans. Some institutional reforms include land reforms like consolidation
of holdings, the abolition of zamindari, the introduction of crop insurance,
the establishment of cooperative societies, Grameen banks, and schemes like
Kissan Credit Card (KCC) and Personal Accident Insurance Scheme (PAIS).
Q.3(i) Suggest the initiatives taken by the government to
ensure the increase in agricultural production.
Ans. The government has implemented several initiatives to
boost agricultural production. The Green Revolution introduced high-yielding
variety (HYV) seeds, chemical fertilizers, and improved irrigation techniques,
significantly increasing crop productivity, especially in wheat and rice. The
White Revolution (Operation Flood) transformed India’s dairy industry, making
it the largest producer of milk. The Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana aims
to expand irrigation, ensuring “Har Khet Ko Pani” (water to every
field). Additionally, the Kissan Credit Card scheme provides farmers easy
access to credit, and the minimum support price (MSP) system ensures fair
prices for crops, preventing exploitation by middlemen. Crop insurance schemes
protect farmers from natural calamities, securing their income and promoting
sustainable farming.
Q.3(ii) Describe the geographical conditions required for
the growth of rice.
Ans. Rice requires specific geographical conditions for
optimal growth. It thrives in regions with high temperatures (above 25°C) and
high humidity, making it suitable for tropical and subtropical areas. Rice also
needs abundant water, typically requiring annual rainfall exceeding 100 cm. In
regions with less rainfall, irrigation is necessary to support its growth. The
crop is commonly cultivated in fertile plains, delta regions, and coastal
areas. Major rice-producing regions in India include the Ganga-Brahmaputra
delta, eastern states like West Bengal and Assam, and southern coastal states
like Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh. The alluvial soil in these areas, combined
with water availability, provides ideal conditions for rice cultivation.
Project Work
1. Group discussion on the necessity of literacy among
farmers.
Answer:
Literacy among farmers is crucial for improving agricultural
practices and boosting productivity. Educated farmers can better understand
modern farming techniques, use of fertilizers, pesticides, and high-yielding
seeds. They can also learn about government schemes, subsidies, and market
trends, ensuring better financial management. Literacy helps farmers read
weather forecasts, preventing crop losses due to natural disasters. It also
enables them to adopt environmentally sustainable farming practices,
contributing to long-term agricultural success. In today’s technological world,
literacy allows farmers to use digital platforms for accessing information,
selling crops directly to consumers, and participating in e-commerce for better
profits. Overall, literacy among farmers ensures informed decisions, enhancing
their livelihoods and agricultural output.
2. On an outline map of India show wheat producing
areas.
Answer:
You can outline the major wheat-producing regions on a map
of India, including the states of Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya
Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Bihar. These states, especially in the Ganga-Sutlej
plains, are known for significant wheat production due to favorable
geographical and climatic conditions.
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Activity
Solve the puzzle by following your search horizontally and
vertically to find the hidden answers.
1. The two staple food crops of India.
Answer: Rice, Wheat
2. This is the summer cropping season of India.
Answer: Zaid
3. Pulses like arhar, moong, gram, urad contain…
Answer: Protein
4. It is a coarse grain.
Answer: Jowar
5. The two important beverages in India are…
Answer: Tea, Coffee
6. One of the four major fibers grown on black soils.
Answer: Cotton