Indian Economy Sectors –
Understand primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors, their GDP roles, job
creation, and key economic activities.
Chapter 2 Sectors Of The Indian Economy
Class 10 NCERT Economics – Understanding Economic
Development | Questions Answers
Updated for 2024-2025 Exams
Chapter: Sectors of the Indian Economy
1. Fill in the blanks using the correct option given in
the bracket:
(i) Employment
in the service sector has not increased to the same extent as
production.
(ii) Workers in the tertiary sector do not produce goods.
(iii) Most of the workers in the organised sector enjoy job security.
(iv) A large proportion of labourers in India are working in the
unorganised sector.
(v) Cotton is a natural product and cloth is a manufactured
product.
(vi) The activities in primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors are interdependent.
2. Choose the most appropriate answer:
(a) The sectors
are classified into public and private sector on the basis of:
(i) employment conditions
(ii) the nature of economic activity
(iii) ownership of enterprises
(iv) number of workers employed in the enterprise
(b) Production
of a commodity, mostly through the natural process, is an activity in the:
(i) primary
(ii) secondary
(iii) tertiary
(iv) information technology
(c) GDP is the
total value of:
(i) all goods and services
(ii) all final goods and services
(iii) all intermediate goods and services
(iv) all intermediate and final goods and services
(d) In terms of
GDP, the share of the tertiary sector in 2013-14 is between:
(i) 20 to 30
(ii) 30 to 40
(iii) 50 to 60
(iv) 60 to 70
3. Match the following:
|
Problems |
Some |
|
1. Unirrigated land |
(d) Construction of canals by the |
|
2. Low prices for crops |
(c) Procurement of food grains by the |
|
3. Debt burden |
(e) Banks to provide credit with low |
|
4. No job in the off season |
(a) Setting up agro-based mills |
|
5. Compelled to sell their grains to |
(b) Cooperative marketing societies |
4. Find the odd one out and say why:
(i) Tourist
guide, dhobi, tailor, potter
Answer: Potter (Because potter produces goods, others provide services).
(ii) Teacher,
doctor, vegetable vendor, lawyer
Answer: Vegetable vendor (Others provide services, vegetable vendor
sells goods).
(iii) Postman,
cobbler, soldier, police constable
Answer: Cobbler (Others are government employees, cobbler is a private
worker).
(iv) MTNL,
Indian Railways, Air India, Jet Airways, All India Radio
Answer: Jet Airways (Others are public sector companies, Jet Airways is
private).
5. Percentage of working people in Surat:
|
Nature of |
Percentage |
|
Organised sector (In offices and |
15% |
|
Own shops, offices, clinics in |
15% |
|
People working on the street, construction |
20% |
|
Working in small workshops usually |
50% |
6. Do you think the classification of economic activities
into primary, secondary, and tertiary is useful? Explain how.
Answer: Yes, this classification is useful as
it helps in understanding how an economy functions. The primary sector focuses
on extracting natural resources, the secondary sector involves manufacturing,
and the tertiary sector provides services that support both the primary and
secondary sectors. This division helps in analyzing the contribution of each
sector to GDP and employment.
7. For each of the sectors that we came across in this
chapter, why should one focus on employment and GDP? Could there be other issues
which should be examined? Discuss.
Answer: Focusing on employment and GDP is
important because they reflect economic growth and the livelihood opportunities
provided by each sector. However, other issues such as sustainability, income
distribution, and working conditions should also be examined to understand the
quality of growth and its impact on people’s lives.
8. Make a long list of all kinds of work that you find
adults around you doing for a living. In what way can you classify them?
Explain your choice.
Answer: The work can be classified into
primary (farming, fishing), secondary (factory workers, carpenters), and
tertiary (teachers, doctors, shopkeepers). This classification is based on the
nature of the work—whether it involves natural resources, manufacturing, or
services.
9. How is the tertiary sector different from other
sectors? Illustrate with a few examples.
Answer: The tertiary sector provides services
rather than goods. For example, teachers, doctors, and bankers all offer
services that support the primary and secondary sectors by facilitating trade,
education, and healthcare.
10. What do you understand by disguised unemployment?
Explain with an example each from the urban and rural areas.
Answer: Disguised unemployment occurs when
more people are employed than necessary. In rural areas, many family members
may work on a small farm even though the farm requires fewer people. In urban
areas, a small shop may employ too many workers, each earning very little.
11. Distinguish between open unemployment and disguised
unemployment.
Answer: Open unemployment refers to people who
are actively looking for work but cannot find any. Disguised unemployment
occurs when people are employed, but their productivity is low, and removing
some workers would not affect output.
12. “Tertiary sector is not playing any significant role
in the development of the Indian economy.” Do you agree? Give reasons in
support of your answer.
Answer: Disagree. The tertiary sector has
become the largest contributor to GDP in India, providing essential services
such as banking, education, healthcare, and information technology. It plays a
crucial role in supporting the other sectors and driving economic growth.
13. Service sector in India employs two different kinds
of people. Who are these?
Answer: The service sector employs highly
skilled workers like IT professionals, doctors, and teachers, as well as
unskilled workers like street vendors, domestic workers, and repair persons.
14. Workers are exploited in the unorganised sector. Do
you agree with this view? Give reasons in support of your answer.
Answer: Yes, workers in the unorganised sector
often face exploitation due to low wages, lack of job security, and absence of
benefits like healthcare and paid leave. They are not covered by formal labor
laws, making them vulnerable to unfair treatment.
15. How are the activities in the economy classified on
the basis of employment conditions?
Answer: Economic activities are classified
into the organised sector, where workers have job security and benefits, and
the unorganised sector, where workers often lack these protections.
16. Compare the employment conditions prevailing in the
organised and unorganised sectors.
Answer: In the organised sector, employees
enjoy job security, regular wages, and benefits like provident fund and paid
leave. In the unorganised sector, employment is often irregular, wages are low,
and there are no additional benefits or job security.
17. Explain the objective of implementing the MGNREGA
2005.
Answer: The objective of MGNREGA 2005 is to
provide guaranteed 100 days of employment to rural households, ensuring
livelihood security and reducing poverty. It also aims to create durable assets
that improve rural infrastructure.
18. Using examples from your area, compare and contrast
the activities and functions of private and public sectors.
Answer: In my area, public sector activities
include services like electricity distribution by government agencies, while
the private sector provides services such as private schools and healthcare.
The public sector focuses on providing essential services to everyone, while
the private sector operates for profit.
19. Discuss and fill the following table giving one
example each from your area.
|
Well-managed |
Badly-managed |
|
Public Sector |
Government-run hospital |
|
Private Sector |
Private hospital |
20. Give a few examples of public sector activities and
explain why the government has taken them up.
Answer: Examples include railways, postal
services, and electricity supply. The government takes up these activities to
ensure that essential services are accessible to everyone, regardless of
income, and to provide infrastructure that supports economic growth.
21. Explain how the public sector contributes to the
economic development of a nation.
Answer: The public sector contributes to
economic development by providing essential services, building infrastructure,
promoting social welfare, and supporting industries through subsidies and other
measures.
22. The workers in the unorganised sector need protection
on the following issues: wages, safety, and health. Explain with examples.
Answer: Workers in the unorganised sector,
such as construction workers, often work in unsafe conditions without proper
safety gear. They are paid low wages and do not have access to healthcare or
insurance, leaving them vulnerable to accidents and illness.
23. Study on Ahmedabad: Present the data as a table.
|
Sector |
Workers (in |
Income (in |
|
Organised |
4 |
32,000 |
|
Unorganised |
11 |
28,000 |
Ways to generate more employment: Encouraging small-scale
industries, improving education, and providing better infrastructure can help
create more jobs in the unorganised sector.
24. The following table gives the GDP in Rupees (Crores)
by the three sectors:
- The primary sector‘s
contribution to GDP has significantly decreased from 2000 to 2013. - The secondary sector has
seen a slight increase in its share of the GDP during this period. - The tertiary sector has
experienced substantial growth, becoming the most dominant sector in 2013,
with the highest contribution to the GDP.
This suggests a
shift in economic focus from traditional agriculture and industrial activities
to the service and information sectors