Discover India’s key manufacturing industries,
their role in economic growth, and the need
to address environmental pollution through
sustainable practices.
Chapter 6: Manufacturing Industries
Class 10 NCERT Geography: Contemporary India-II |
Questions Answers
Updated for 2024-2025 Exams
Q.1(i) Which one of the following industries
uses bauxite as a raw material?
Ans. (a) Aluminium Smelting
Q.1(ii) Which one of the following industries
manufactures telephones, computers, etc.?
Ans. (b) Electronic
Q.2(i) What is manufacturing?
Ans. Manufacturing is the production of goods in large quantities after
processing raw materials into more valuable products. For example, producing
paper from wood or sugar from sugarcane.
Q.2(ii) What are basic industries? Give an
example.
Ans. Basic industries are those that supply raw materials for the
production of other goods. For example, the iron and steel industry provides
materials for various other industries.
Q.3(i) How do industries pollute the
environment? (120 words)
Ans. Industries contribute to four types of pollution: air, water, land,
and noise. Air pollution is caused by the release of harmful gases such
as sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide, along with particulate matter from
factories, causing respiratory issues. Water pollution occurs due to the
discharge of industrial waste like chemicals, dyes, and heavy metals into
rivers, harming aquatic life and contaminating drinking water. Land
pollution results from dumping industrial waste, making the soil infertile.
Noise pollution from industrial machinery causes stress, hearing
impairment, and high blood pressure. Additionally, thermal pollution occurs
when hot water from industries is released into rivers, affecting aquatic
ecosystems.
Q.3(ii) Discuss the steps to be taken to
minimise environmental degradation by industry. (120 words)
Ans. Industries can minimise environmental degradation by reducing water
usage through recycling and reusing it in multiple stages. Harvesting rainwater
and treating industrial effluents before discharging them into water bodies is
crucial. Industrial effluents should undergo primary, secondary, and tertiary
treatment before being released. Industries should adopt cleaner technologies
to reduce air pollution by installing electrostatic precipitators, fabric
filters, and scrubbers. Noise pollution can be mitigated by using silencers on
machinery, and fitting factories with noise-absorbing materials. Renewable
energy sources, such as solar and wind power, should be encouraged. Moreover,
industries should create green belts around factories to absorb pollutants and
maintain ecological balance. Legal regulations on groundwater extraction must
also be enforced to protect natural resources.
Activity
Give one word
for each of the following with regard to industry:
- Used to drive machinery (5): Power
- People who work in a factory (6): Worker
- Where the product is sold (6): Market
- A person who sells goods (8): Retailer
- Thing produced (7): Product
- To make or produce (11): Manufacture
- Land, Water and Air degraded (9